Ini adalah kesalahpahaman bahwa bila membuat akuarium, setiap pencahayaan fixture akan dilakukan. Hal ini juga sebenarnya tidak
Ini adalah kesalahpahaman bahwa bila membuat akuarium, setiap pencahayaan fixture akan dilakukan. Hal ini juga sebenarnya tidak demikian pencahayaan akuarium yang tepat adalah penting untuk dapat menjaga akuarium sehat dan ikan yang sehat.
Berbagai jenis akuarium telah memiliki kebutuhan pencahayaan yang sangat berbeda. Anda juga akan perlu melakukan beberapa riset ke dalam jenis ikan Anda berniat untuk memperoleh dan apa kebutuhan spesifik mereka. Sebuah faktor penting adalah apakah atau tidak Anda akan menjaga tanaman air tawar atau air asin terumbu. Jumlah dan jenis cahaya air Anda perlu tergantung pada faktor-faktor ini.
Ada lima jenis utama dari lampu akuarium. Lima jenis utama adalah lampu neon biasa, lampu fluorescent kompak, lampu fluorescent output tinggi dan sangat tinggi, halida logam, dan Light Emitting Dioda (LED). Masing-masing lampu telah melayani tujuan yang berbeda untuk pencahayaan akuarium.
Lampu neon biasa diterima untuk yang paling segar dan ikan laut. Anda akan ingin memilih cahaya agar sesuai kap di atas akuarium Anda. Sebuah spektrum neon penuh adalah ide yang baik untuk dapat memastikan bahwa ikan Anda menyerap semua panjang gelombang yang diperlukan untuk dapat membuat mereka tetap sehat.
Jika Anda berniat untuk memiliki tanaman hidup dalam akuarium air tawar, pencahayaan yang berbeda mungkin diperlukan. Tanaman membutuhkan sinar panjang gelombang cahaya tertentu untuk dapat menghasilkan energi melalui fotosintesis yang mereka tergantung pada untuk bertahan hidup. Setiap jenis tanaman akan memiliki kebutuhan sendiri pencahayaan. Anda harus penelitian tanaman untuk arah tertentu. Sebuah pedoman umum untuk tanaman akuarium pencahayaan adalah 2-5 watt cahaya per galon air dalam akuarium Anda.
Air asin akuarium dengan karang hidup atau non-ikan organisme akan membutuhkan pencahayaan yang sangat khusus. Tank ini memerlukan lampu output tinggi atau sangat tinggi fluorescent atau halida logam. Tank ini perlu 4 sampai 10 watt cahaya per galon air akuarium. Klasifikasi ini akuarium pencahayaan cenderung telah menghasilkan panas yang harus diperlakukan dengan benar untuk mencegah overheating akuarium Anda. Perlengkapan khusus dengan dibangun pada penggemar mungkin diperlukan untuk membubarkan panas tambahan. Dalam beberapa kasus, Anda bahkan mungkin perlu chiller untuk menyimpan air dan suhu yang sesuai untuk ikan anda.
Bagian penting lainnya dari pencahayaan akuarium Anda adalah hari / siklus malam. Timer listrik dianjurkan untuk dapat menjaga ikan Anda pada jadwal rutin dan agar tidak stres mereka. Simulator sinar rembulan LED dapat diperoleh untuk spesies sangat halus untuk meniru panjang gelombang lembut yang dilepaskan oleh bulan di alam. Cara terbaik untuk menentukan apakah atau tidak Anda akan perlu penambahan ini untuk sistem pencahayaan air Anda untuk benar-benar penelitian ikan Anda berniat untuk membeli.
Even as a high school student, Dave Goldberg was urging female classmates to speak up. As a young dot-com executive, he had one girlfriend after another, but fell hard for a driven friend named Sheryl Sandberg, pining after her for years. After they wed, Mr. Goldberg pushed her to negotiate hard for high compensation and arranged his schedule so that he could be home with their children when she was traveling for work.
Mr. Goldberg, who died unexpectedly on Friday, was a genial, 47-year-old Silicon Valley entrepreneur who built his latest company, SurveyMonkey, from a modest enterprise to one recently valued by investors at $2 billion. But he was also perhaps the signature male feminist of his era: the first major chief executive in memory to spur his wife to become as successful in business as he was, and an essential figure in “Lean In,” Ms. Sandberg’s blockbuster guide to female achievement.
Over the weekend, even strangers were shocked at his death, both because of his relatively young age and because they knew of him as the living, breathing, car-pooling center of a new philosophy of two-career marriage.
“They were very much the role models for what this next generation wants to grapple with,” said Debora L. Spar, the president of Barnard College. In a 2011 commencement speech there, Ms. Sandberg told the graduates that whom they married would be their most important career decision.
In the play “The Heidi Chronicles,” revived on Broadway this spring, a male character who is the founder of a media company says that “I don’t want to come home to an A-plus,” explaining that his ambitions require him to marry an unthreatening helpmeet. Mr. Goldberg grew up to hold the opposite view, starting with his upbringing in progressive Minneapolis circles where “there was woman power in every aspect of our lives,” Jeffrey Dachis, a childhood friend, said in an interview.
The Goldberg parents read “The Feminine Mystique” together — in fact, Mr. Goldberg’s father introduced it to his wife, according to Ms. Sandberg’s book. In 1976, Paula Goldberg helped found a nonprofit to aid children with disabilities. Her husband, Mel, a law professor who taught at night, made the family breakfast at home.
Later, when Dave Goldberg was in high school and his prom date, Jill Chessen, stayed silent in a politics class, he chastised her afterward. He said, “You need to speak up,” Ms. Chessen recalled in an interview. “They need to hear your voice.”
Years later, when Karin Gilford, an early employee at Launch Media, Mr. Goldberg’s digital music company, became a mother, he knew exactly what to do. He kept giving her challenging assignments, she recalled, but also let her work from home one day a week. After Yahoo acquired Launch, Mr. Goldberg became known for distributing roses to all the women in the office on Valentine’s Day.
Ms. Sandberg, who often describes herself as bossy-in-a-good-way, enchanted him when they became friendly in the mid-1990s. He “was smitten with her,” Ms. Chessen remembered. Ms. Sandberg was dating someone else, but Mr. Goldberg still hung around, even helping her and her then-boyfriend move, recalled Bob Roback, a friend and co-founder of Launch. When they finally married in 2004, friends remember thinking how similar the two were, and that the qualities that might have made Ms. Sandberg intimidating to some men drew Mr. Goldberg to her even more.
Over the next decade, Mr. Goldberg and Ms. Sandberg pioneered new ways of capturing information online, had a son and then a daughter, became immensely wealthy, and hashed out their who-does-what-in-this-marriage issues. Mr. Goldberg’s commute from the Bay Area to Los Angeles became a strain, so he relocated, later joking that he “lost the coin flip” of where they would live. He paid the bills, she planned the birthday parties, and both often left their offices at 5:30 so they could eat dinner with their children before resuming work afterward.
Friends in Silicon Valley say they were careful to conduct their careers separately, politely refusing when outsiders would ask one about the other’s work: Ms. Sandberg’s role building Facebook into an information and advertising powerhouse, and Mr. Goldberg at SurveyMonkey, which made polling faster and cheaper. But privately, their work was intertwined. He often began statements to his team with the phrase “Well, Sheryl said” sharing her business advice. He counseled her, too, starting with her salary negotiations with Mark Zuckerberg.
“I wanted Mark to really feel he stretched to get Sheryl, because she was worth it,” Mr. Goldberg explained in a 2013 “60 Minutes” interview, his Minnesota accent and his smile intact as he offered a rare peek of the intersection of marriage and money at the top of corporate life.
While his wife grew increasingly outspoken about women’s advancement, Mr. Goldberg quietly advised the men in the office on family and partnership matters, an associate said. Six out of 16 members of SurveyMonkey’s management team are female, an almost unheard-of ratio among Silicon Valley “unicorns,” or companies valued at over $1 billion.
When Mellody Hobson, a friend and finance executive, wrote a chapter of “Lean In” about women of color for the college edition of the book, Mr. Goldberg gave her feedback on the draft, a clue to his deep involvement. He joked with Ms. Hobson that she was too long-winded, like Ms. Sandberg, but aside from that, he said he loved the chapter, she said in an interview.
By then, Mr. Goldberg was a figure of fascination who inspired a “where can I get one of those?” reaction among many of the women who had read the best seller “Lean In.” Some lamented that Ms. Sandberg’s advice hinged too much on marrying a Dave Goldberg, who was humble enough to plan around his wife, attentive enough to worry about which shoes his young daughter would wear, and rich enough to help pay for the help that made the family’s balancing act manageable.
Now that he is gone, and Ms. Sandberg goes from being half of a celebrated partnership to perhaps the business world’s most prominent single mother, the pages of “Lean In” carry a new sting of loss.
“We are never at 50-50 at any given moment — perfect equality is hard to define or sustain — but we allow the pendulum to swing back and forth between us,” she wrote in 2013, adding that they were looking forward to raising teenagers together.
“Fortunately, I have Dave to figure it out with me,” she wrote.
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